BIOGENIC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND (VOC) EMISSION

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) cancontribute to tropospheric ozone and secondary particleformation, and have indirect effects on climate change.

Biogenic emissions of the volatile organic compounds isoprene and monoterpenes

(BVOCs) can contribute to tropospheric ozone and secondary particle formation

and have indirect effects on climate change. While there are few studies of BVOC emissions

from European towns and cities, several studies in North America indicate that the urban

tree canopy may be a significant source of BVOC compounds, contributing to ozone and

particle formation in the urban air-shed. Here, BVOC emissions from the U.K. West Midlands

(UKWM) metropolitan area were estimated and compared with anthropogenic VOC

emission estimates, and with BVOC emission estimates for other urban and U.K. regions.

Monoterpene and isoprene emission potential estimates for the UKWM urban land-use

classes spanned as much as two orders of magnitude, from 17–104 g·km22·h21 and from

42–1570 g·km22·h21, respectively. Isoprene emission potential estimates for the UKWM

urban land classes (42–530 g·km22·h21) were of the same order of magnitude as isoprene

emission measurements for U.K. gorse heathland in early summer (43 g·km22·h21), and up

to approximately one order of magnitude lower than those measured from U.K. Sitka spruce

forests in summer (658–6760 g·km22·h21). In the UKWM, the land class average of SBVOC

emission estimates (;75–165 kg·km22·yr21) were approximately two orders of magnitude

lower than anthropogenic VOC emission estimates for the same area (70 000 kg·km22·yr21).

Biogenic isoprene emission estimates from at least two of the UKWM urban land-use classes

were equivalent to, or greater than, estimates of anthropogenic isoprene emissions. The

extrapolation methodologies are critically discussed in the context of their uncertainties,

and in the context of their generic potential.

22·h21 and from

42–1570 g·km22·h21, respectively. Isoprene emission potential estimates for the UKWM

urban land classes (42–530 g·km22·h21) were of the same order of magnitude as isoprene

emission measurements for U.K. gorse heathland in early summer (43 g·km22·h21), and up

to approximately one order of magnitude lower than those measured from U.K. Sitka spruce

forests in summer (658–6760 g·km22·h21). In the UKWM, the land class average of SBVOC

emission estimates (;75–165 kg·km22·yr21) were approximately two orders of magnitude

lower than anthropogenic VOC emission estimates for the same area (70 000 kg·km22·yr21).

Biogenic isoprene emission estimates from at least two of the UKWM urban land-use classes

were equivalent to, or greater than, estimates of anthropogenic isoprene emissions. The

extrapolation methodologies are critically discussed in the context of their uncertainties,

and in the context of their generic potential.

22·h21, respectively. Isoprene emission potential estimates for the UKWM

urban land classes (42–530 g·km22·h21) were of the same order of magnitude as isoprene

emission measurements for U.K. gorse heathland in early summer (43 g·km22·h21), and up

to approximately one order of magnitude lower than those measured from U.K. Sitka spruce

forests in summer (658–6760 g·km22·h21). In the UKWM, the land class average of SBVOC

emission estimates (;75–165 kg·km22·yr21) were approximately two orders of magnitude

lower than anthropogenic VOC emission estimates for the same area (70 000 kg·km22·yr21).

Biogenic isoprene emission estimates from at least two of the UKWM urban land-use classes

were equivalent to, or greater than, estimates of anthropogenic isoprene emissions. The

extrapolation methodologies are critically discussed in the context of their uncertainties,

and in the context of their generic potential.

22·h21) were of the same order of magnitude as isoprene

emission measurements for U.K. gorse heathland in early summer (43 g·km22·h21), and up

to approximately one order of magnitude lower than those measured from U.K. Sitka spruce

forests in summer (658–6760 g·km22·h21). In the UKWM, the land class average of SBVOC

emission estimates (;75–165 kg·km22·yr21) were approximately two orders of magnitude

lower than anthropogenic VOC emission estimates for the same area (70 000 kg·km22·yr21).

Biogenic isoprene emission estimates from at least two of the UKWM urban land-use classes

were equivalent to, or greater than, estimates of anthropogenic isoprene emissions. The

extrapolation methodologies are critically discussed in the context of their uncertainties,

and in the context of their generic potential.

22·h21), and up

to approximately one order of magnitude lower than those measured from U.K. Sitka spruce

forests in summer (658–6760 g·km22·h21). In the UKWM, the land class average of SBVOC

emission estimates (;75–165 kg·km22·yr21) were approximately two orders of magnitude

lower than anthropogenic VOC emission estimates for the same area (70 000 kg·km22·yr21).

Biogenic isoprene emission estimates from at least two of the UKWM urban land-use classes

were equivalent to, or greater than, estimates of anthropogenic isoprene emissions. The

extrapolation methodologies are critically discussed in the context of their uncertainties,

and in the context of their generic potential.

22·h21). In the UKWM, the land class average of SBVOC

emission estimates (;75–165 kg·km22·yr21) were approximately two orders of magnitude

lower than anthropogenic VOC emission estimates for the same area (70 000 kg·km22·yr21).

Biogenic isoprene emission estimates from at least two of the UKWM urban land-use classes

were equivalent to, or greater than, estimates of anthropogenic isoprene emissions. The

extrapolation methodologies are critically discussed in the context of their uncertainties,

and in the context of their generic potential.

;75–165 kg·km22·yr21) were approximately two orders of magnitude

lower than anthropogenic VOC emission estimates for the same area (70 000 kg·km22·yr21).

Biogenic isoprene emission estimates from at least two of the UKWM urban land-use classes

were equivalent to, or greater than, estimates of anthropogenic isoprene emissions. The

extrapolation methodologies are critically discussed in the context of their uncertainties,

and in the context of their generic potential.

22·yr21).

Biogenic isoprene emission estimates from at least two of the UKWM urban land-use classes

were equivalent to, or greater than, estimates of anthropogenic isoprene emissions. The

extrapolation methodologies are critically discussed in the context of their uncertainties,

and in the context of their generic potential.

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